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Este artigo analisa a controvérsia iniciada com a publicação do livro do sociólogo americano Vivek Chibber, Teoria Pós-colonial e o Espectrador do Capitalismo (PTSC), que trata das limitações analíticas e políticas da Teoria Pós-colonial (PT), especificamente os Estudos Subalternos (SS). Será dada uma breve visão geral do argumento de Chibber e serão apresentadas respostas à sua análise, com ênfase especial na discussão da relevância do marxismo e do conceito de "universalização do capital" proposto por Marx na Grundrisse. Conclui-se que a tese marxista da universalização do capital deve ser entendida como a globalização do modo de produção capitalista e que a historiografia do capitalismo deve incluir o papel do sul global na formação do capitalismo, a fim de se afastar do eurocentrismo.
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